Can Paper Packaging Finally Ditch PFAS?

Northwestern researchers unveil a graphene oxide coating that could replace PFAS in food packaging, though pilots and approvals still lie ahead

16 Jan 2026

Researchers at Northwestern University have reported progress on a coating that could allow paper-based food packaging to resist grease and moisture without the use of PFAS, chemicals that are increasingly restricted by regulators and avoided by major brands.

The research, announced in May and June 2025, focuses on a coating made from graphene oxide, a carbon-based material designed to block oil and water. The approach aims to improve the performance of existing fibre-based packaging rather than replace it, potentially easing adoption by manufacturers.

PFAS, often called “forever chemicals” because they persist in the environment, have long enabled paper packaging to mimic plastic by withstanding heat, steam and oily foods. But concerns over their environmental and health impact have prompted governments, retailers and consumer goods groups to seek alternatives.

The Northwestern team says its graphene oxide coating can provide similar barrier properties without relying on PFAS. According to the researchers, a start-up linked to the work is now pursuing industrial scale-up and regulatory approvals, marking an early step towards commercial use rather than a finished product.

That distinction matters for the packaging industry. Barrier coatings are among the most difficult technical challenges in reducing plastic use. While sustainability targets are tightening, food packaging must still perform reliably under demanding conditions, from hot takeaway meals to long supply chains.

Packaging groups and brand owners have invested heavily in fibre-based formats as part of plastic reduction strategies. Companies such as Graphic Packaging and WestRock have expanded paper-based offerings, but effective grease and moisture barriers remain a limiting factor.

A credible PFAS-free solution could influence future product development and supplier investment across foodservice, retail and delivery packaging. However, industry executives remain cautious. Laboratory results often fail to translate into consistent performance at commercial scale.

Any new coating must meet food safety standards, comply with evolving chemical regulations and integrate with existing recycling systems that brands rely on to meet environmental commitments.

While a broad replacement of PFAS-based coatings is not imminent, the research highlights the direction of travel. Incremental advances in materials science are beginning to offer pathways towards safer chemistry without sacrificing performance, even if widespread adoption is still some years away.